What Causes Database Corrupted?
Database corruption occurs when the data in a database is not formatted properly. A database product expects that data be in a particular format when it is read from the disk. Corruption can also occur if the data is not in the correct order. Luckily, there are many ways to prevent this from happening.
Use reserved words and characters
Using reserved words and characters in database queries can cause the database to become corrupt. These words and characters have special meanings for the Relational Engine. As such, they should not be used as names for objects in the database. They should be enclosed in double quotation marks to let the Relational Engine know they are not to be used.
While writing code, make sure that you are not using reserved words and characters. Microsoft docs on this topic warn against using these words and characters in database queries. These characters can also cause problems when using code formatting tools. If you don’t understand what they mean, you may be making a wrong decision.
Reserved words and characters have special meanings in SQL. If you use a keyword, such as “table”, in a query, it is a good idea to include an example for that keyword.

Software bugs
Database corruption is a problem that can impact the operation of software applications. It can happen from faulty hardware, buggy OSs, or even a database product. Data corruption occurs when data is accidentally modified before it is saved to disk. This can cause queries and operations to fail and cause many problems. There are many types of corruption.
When a software program becomes corrupt, it can occur for a variety of reasons, including hardware failure, unintended changes to the executable files, and failure of storage media. In such cases, a software bug results, and the file will no longer be the same as the original binaries provided by the software vendor.
Database corruption can be prevented by detection. Next is to determine the source and scope. Data corruption can be a serious problem but it can be prevented if the problem is detected as soon as possible.
Opportunistic locking
This corruption is caused when a database system error occurs. This error can be caused by a power failure, hardware malfunction, or an operating system bug. The majority of databases are safe from corruption. If you suspect a corruption, contact Microsoft support. They can help you troubleshoot it.
OpLocks can be disabled in the registry to prevent this error. This will prevent corruption of the database. To disable OpLocks, set the OplocksDisabled registry value to 1. This value must be set 1 for Windows versions prior to this one. This error affects databases stored on Windows NT operating systems.
The LAN Manager in MS Windows NT/2000 and XP includes a protocol called opportunistic locking (OPLock). OpLocks can be used to improve performance of network applications. While this protocol is useful in improving network performance, it can cause problems for databases such as MS Access or Xbase++.